"Ridebis, et licet rideas"
"quem nosti, apros tres et quidem pulcherrimos, cepi"
"erat in proximo non venabulum aut lancea, sed stilus et pugillares"
"si manus vacuas, plenas tamen ceras reportarem"
"iam undique silvae et solitudo ipsumque illud silentium"
"panarium et lagunculam sic etiam pugillares feras"
"experieris non Dianam magis montibus quam Minervam inerrare"
Wednesday, October 31, 2012
Wednesday, October 24, 2012
Bibliography
Bibliography:
http://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-gods/myths-about-the-roman-goddess-diana.htmhttp://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-gods/myths-about-the-roman-goddess-minerva.htm
https://www.google.com/
https://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi
https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=minerva+myth&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&bpcl=35466521&biw=1600&bih=761&wrapid=tlif135114609714110&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=cNqIULviMo-80QHRrICwDA
http://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-gods/myths-about-the-roman-goddess-diana.htmhttp://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-gods/myths-about-the-roman-goddess-minerva.htm
https://www.google.com/
https://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi
https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=minerva+myth&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&bpcl=35466521&biw=1600&bih=761&wrapid=tlif135114609714110&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=cNqIULviMo-80QHRrICwDA
About Minerva:
About Minerva:
She was the goddess of war, wisdom, and arts, such as spinning, weaving, music, and especially of the pipe. In a word, she was patroness of all those sciences which render men useful to society and themselves, and entitle them to the esteem of posterity.
She is described by the poets, and represented by the sculptors and painters in a standing attitude, completely armed, with a composed but smiling countenance, bearing a golden breast-plate, a spear in her right hand, and the Aegis in her left, having on it the head of Medusa, entwined with snakes. Her helmet was usually encompassed with olives, to denote that peace is the end of war, or rather because that tree was sacred to her: at her feet is generally placed the owl or the cock, the former being the emblem of wisdom, and the latter of war.
Minerva represents wisdom, that is, skilful knowledge joined with discreet practice, and comprehends the understanding of the noblest arts, the best accomplishments of the mind, together with all the virtues, but more especially that of chastity. She is said to be born of Jupiter's brain, because the ingenuity of man did not invent the useful arts and sciences, which, on the contrary, were derived from the fountain of all wisdom. She was born armed, because the human soul, fortified with wisdom and virtue, is invincible; in danger, intrepid; under crosses, unbroken; in calamities, impregnable.
She was the goddess of war, wisdom, and arts, such as spinning, weaving, music, and especially of the pipe. In a word, she was patroness of all those sciences which render men useful to society and themselves, and entitle them to the esteem of posterity.
She is described by the poets, and represented by the sculptors and painters in a standing attitude, completely armed, with a composed but smiling countenance, bearing a golden breast-plate, a spear in her right hand, and the Aegis in her left, having on it the head of Medusa, entwined with snakes. Her helmet was usually encompassed with olives, to denote that peace is the end of war, or rather because that tree was sacred to her: at her feet is generally placed the owl or the cock, the former being the emblem of wisdom, and the latter of war.
Minerva represents wisdom, that is, skilful knowledge joined with discreet practice, and comprehends the understanding of the noblest arts, the best accomplishments of the mind, together with all the virtues, but more especially that of chastity. She is said to be born of Jupiter's brain, because the ingenuity of man did not invent the useful arts and sciences, which, on the contrary, were derived from the fountain of all wisdom. She was born armed, because the human soul, fortified with wisdom and virtue, is invincible; in danger, intrepid; under crosses, unbroken; in calamities, impregnable.
About Diana
About Diana:
Of all the various characters of this goddess, there is no one more known than that of her presiding over woods, and delighting in hunting. The Diana Venatrix, or goddess of the chase, is frequently represented as running on, with her vest flying back with the wind, notwithstanding its being shortened, and girt about her for expedition. She is tall of stature, and her face, though so very handsome, is something manly. Her feet are sometimes bare, and sometimes adorned with a sort of buskin, which was worn by the huntresses of old. She often has a quiver on her shoulder, and sometimes holds a javelin, but more usually her bow, in her right hand. It is thus she makes her appearance in several of her statues, and it is thus the Roman poets describe her, particularly in the epithets they give this goddess, in the use of which they are so happy that they often bring the idea of whole figures of her into your mind by a single word. The statues of this Diana were very frequent in woods: she was represented there in all the different ways they could think of; sometimes as hunting, sometimes as bathing, and sometimes as resting herself after her fatigue. The height of Diana's stature is frequently marked out in the poets, and that, generally, by comparing her with her nymphs.
Of all the various characters of this goddess, there is no one more known than that of her presiding over woods, and delighting in hunting. The Diana Venatrix, or goddess of the chase, is frequently represented as running on, with her vest flying back with the wind, notwithstanding its being shortened, and girt about her for expedition. She is tall of stature, and her face, though so very handsome, is something manly. Her feet are sometimes bare, and sometimes adorned with a sort of buskin, which was worn by the huntresses of old. She often has a quiver on her shoulder, and sometimes holds a javelin, but more usually her bow, in her right hand. It is thus she makes her appearance in several of her statues, and it is thus the Roman poets describe her, particularly in the epithets they give this goddess, in the use of which they are so happy that they often bring the idea of whole figures of her into your mind by a single word. The statues of this Diana were very frequent in woods: she was represented there in all the different ways they could think of; sometimes as hunting, sometimes as bathing, and sometimes as resting herself after her fatigue. The height of Diana's stature is frequently marked out in the poets, and that, generally, by comparing her with her nymphs.
History for hunting
Tools for Hunting:
When one goes hunting (especially during the time period that Pliny lived) it was imperative to bring a spear. The spear was a kind of weapon they had that was used to hunting. It was a good thing Pliny brought the spear--that was the tool he most likely used to capture those three beautiful wild boars. (The spear was also used for fighting during the Roman wars). The spear could be used for multiple items such as catching fish or killing a wild animal. It was also important to bring a net with you, which Pliny did. The net could have been used for holding the food that was caught, or it could be used to trap an animal. Another item that would have been useful if Pliny had brought it with him would be the bow-and-arrow. This also a battle weapon, which is not commonly used in this day and age. The bow-and-arrow would have been helpful to catch prey from afar--without getting too close to the animal.
When one goes hunting (especially during the time period that Pliny lived) it was imperative to bring a spear. The spear was a kind of weapon they had that was used to hunting. It was a good thing Pliny brought the spear--that was the tool he most likely used to capture those three beautiful wild boars. (The spear was also used for fighting during the Roman wars). The spear could be used for multiple items such as catching fish or killing a wild animal. It was also important to bring a net with you, which Pliny did. The net could have been used for holding the food that was caught, or it could be used to trap an animal. Another item that would have been useful if Pliny had brought it with him would be the bow-and-arrow. This also a battle weapon, which is not commonly used in this day and age. The bow-and-arrow would have been helpful to catch prey from afar--without getting too close to the animal.
Summary with a notebook
Summary:
I promise you, that you will laugh at this, and it is fitting that you should do so. I, who you know, have captured three beautiful wild boars. "You yourself?", you might ask. "Yes, myself", I would answer; I indulged in my laziness and lack of skill and rested for awhile. I sat close to the net; I was not close to the lance or the spear (the tools necessary for hunting), but with the stylus and the pen. I was composing something and marked out on the notebook, so that if I went back empty handed, I would still have a full notebook. It is okay if I went home empty handed, because it is better to have knowledge than to have nothing at all. There is no reason to disregard what I am doing right now. It is strange, I often wondered, how the mind is aroused by the movement of the body. All the sides of the forests and the wilderness are large, this silence is welcomed to strengthen the mind and to write. Therefore, I advise you, with the hunting, it is permitted to bring a tablet and a lark, also a basket and a bottle. You will find that Minerva loves to wander on the hunts quite as much as Diana. Hope you laughed out loud to this. Farewell.
I promise you, that you will laugh at this, and it is fitting that you should do so. I, who you know, have captured three beautiful wild boars. "You yourself?", you might ask. "Yes, myself", I would answer; I indulged in my laziness and lack of skill and rested for awhile. I sat close to the net; I was not close to the lance or the spear (the tools necessary for hunting), but with the stylus and the pen. I was composing something and marked out on the notebook, so that if I went back empty handed, I would still have a full notebook. It is okay if I went home empty handed, because it is better to have knowledge than to have nothing at all. There is no reason to disregard what I am doing right now. It is strange, I often wondered, how the mind is aroused by the movement of the body. All the sides of the forests and the wilderness are large, this silence is welcomed to strengthen the mind and to write. Therefore, I advise you, with the hunting, it is permitted to bring a tablet and a lark, also a basket and a bottle. You will find that Minerva loves to wander on the hunts quite as much as Diana. Hope you laughed out loud to this. Farewell.
Monday, October 8, 2012
Biliography
History of London Fires
"Another great city that experienced such a need for organized fire control was
London, which suffered great fires in 798, 982 and 989. Little is known about
the development of firefighting in Europe until after the Great Fire of London
in 1666. It started in a baker's shop on Pudding Lane, consumed about two square
miles (5 km²) of the city, leaving tens of thousands homeless. A lot like the fire that started near the Circus Maximuson on 19 July AD 64. Prior to this
fire, London had no organized fire protection system. Afterwards, insurance
companies formed private fire brigades to protect their clients’ property.
Insurance brigades would only fight fires at buildings the company insured. Pliny never mentioned insurance companies in his letter...maybe that is a modern thing.
These buildings were identified by a badge or sign. Still, it was not until 1672
that the Dutch inventor Jan Van der Heiden invented the firehose. Constructed of
flexible leather and coupled every 50 feet (15 m) with brass fittings, the
length and connections remain the standard to this day"
The History of Roman Fire Department
The History of Firefighting
The year 2006 marks the 2000th anniversary of firefighting as it is known today. Egypt is where any type of firefighting originaly started. It was not structured like we had today (or like the Romans) but they originally formatted the idea. However, it was not until 6 AD the Roman fire brigade (Vigiles) was formed by Augustus Caesar. The Vigiles also served like the police force by patrolling the streets of Rome to watch for fires. The Corp of Vigiles consisted of ex-slaves who were trained in firefighting; they also served as watchmen of the city during the night. The fire that started near the Circus Maximus on 19 July AD 64 and eventually destroyed two thirds of Rome was the most famous fire in Rome. The people in Rome were often unprepared for the event of fires, they had no idea what to do and some stood to watch the fires, like Pliny mentioned in his letter. The Emperor Nero was later blamed for the for the fire. However, Rome did suffer from many fires.
The year 2006 marks the 2000th anniversary of firefighting as it is known today. Egypt is where any type of firefighting originaly started. It was not structured like we had today (or like the Romans) but they originally formatted the idea. However, it was not until 6 AD the Roman fire brigade (Vigiles) was formed by Augustus Caesar. The Vigiles also served like the police force by patrolling the streets of Rome to watch for fires. The Corp of Vigiles consisted of ex-slaves who were trained in firefighting; they also served as watchmen of the city during the night. The fire that started near the Circus Maximus on 19 July AD 64 and eventually destroyed two thirds of Rome was the most famous fire in Rome. The people in Rome were often unprepared for the event of fires, they had no idea what to do and some stood to watch the fires, like Pliny mentioned in his letter. The Emperor Nero was later blamed for the for the fire. However, Rome did suffer from many fires.
Additional information on firefighting in Rome
"The Corp of Vigiles, which consisted of 7190 members grew to become one of the most powerful, esteemed and elite organizations in the Roman Empire. The fire service known today is a direct result of the Vigiles.
"The Corp of Vigiles, which consisted of 7190 members grew to become one of the most powerful, esteemed and elite organizations in the Roman Empire. The fire service known today is a direct result of the Vigiles.
The duties of the Vigiles were divided into
Uncinarius, the hook-man who carried a large hook for removing burning roofs;
Siphonarius, the firefighter who was responsible for the supervision and
operation of water pumps; Aquarius, the firefighter whose main duties were to
supply water to pumps and organize bucket chains, and the Emperor who was the
fire chief.
There were seven battalions of firefighters, each
working in two of Rome's fourteen fire districts. Each battalion, which were
known as cohorts, consisted of 560 men. Each battalion had one chief and he was
assisted by administrative personnel and four physicians.
Firefighters used hooks, pick-axes, ladders and ropes
as equipment. They also brought their own water to the fire using buckets.
Powerful pumps were used which could reach a height of 20 to 30 meters. Water
was drawn from public fountains, basins and wells inside buildings.
Fire codes were developed and enforced; a 4% tax was
levied on the sale of slaves to pay for the Corp of Vigiles."
Words of Pliny
- Words of Pliny:
- “Cum diversam partem provinciae circumirem.”
- “Nicomediae vastissimum incendium multas privatorum domos et duo publica opera.”
- “Quamquam via interiacente, absumpsit.”
- “Est autem latius sparsum, primum violentia venti.”
- “Inertia hominum, quos satis constat otiosos et immobiles tanti mali spectatores perstitisse.”
- “Alioque nullus umquam in publico sipho, nulla hama,”
- “Nullum denique instrumentum ad incendia compescenda.”
- “Et haec quidem, ut iam praecepi, parabuntur.”
- “Dispice an instituendum putes collegium fabrorum dumtaxat hominum CL.”
- “Ego attendam ne quis nisi faber recipiatur neve iure concesso in aliud utatur.”
Sunday, October 7, 2012
Fire Department Needed Summary
Summary:
Here I was walking around the province without a care. It was in Nicomedia I witnessed a huge fire that destroyed many private and public homes, even though there was a street in between. The poor and the rich were now homeless and unemployed. There were a few reasons why the huge fire was so destructive. First: there was a violent wind that felt like Aeolus was upset with mankind. Second: the lazy spectators were standing there like their feet was stuck to the ground, and doing nothing about the fire that was causing havoc. Also, no one is ever in the public fire engine, so there were no bucket of water to put the fire out. Third: there were no tools set aside to restrain a fire. These things should have already been prepared and thought of as instructed. These people never listen! This is why we are in the predicament we are in now.
It was after this event that I went to the master… begging. “Master, I beg you to consider whether you think a company of fireman, consisting of 150 hundred men should be established. I will instruct that no one--absolutely no one, unless he is a fireman, should use this law in an other use; to watch so few fireman will not be difficult. So master, what do you say? Can we start creating the company?”
Here I was walking around the province without a care. It was in Nicomedia I witnessed a huge fire that destroyed many private and public homes, even though there was a street in between. The poor and the rich were now homeless and unemployed. There were a few reasons why the huge fire was so destructive. First: there was a violent wind that felt like Aeolus was upset with mankind. Second: the lazy spectators were standing there like their feet was stuck to the ground, and doing nothing about the fire that was causing havoc. Also, no one is ever in the public fire engine, so there were no bucket of water to put the fire out. Third: there were no tools set aside to restrain a fire. These things should have already been prepared and thought of as instructed. These people never listen! This is why we are in the predicament we are in now.
It was after this event that I went to the master… begging. “Master, I beg you to consider whether you think a company of fireman, consisting of 150 hundred men should be established. I will instruct that no one--absolutely no one, unless he is a fireman, should use this law in an other use; to watch so few fireman will not be difficult. So master, what do you say? Can we start creating the company?”
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